╭━书香━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╮
☆ 更多免费txt好书 敬请登录。
… 手机访问 m。
☆
┊ ┊
☆ ╭╮╭╮╭╮╭╮ ╭╭╮╮ ☆
┊ ⌒ / ∨ / ╲╳╱本书由
¤╭⌒╮ ╭⌒╮欢迎光临
╱◥██◣ ╭╭ ⌒
︱田︱田田| ╰……
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬版 权 归 原 作 者
电子书 ┊
☆ (●﹏●)(≥﹏≤) (不夜火)为你整理制作 ☆
┊ ┊
┊ 。
… 手机访问 m。
┊
☆
¤╭⌒╮ ╭⌒╮欢迎光临
╱◥██◣ ╭╭ ⌒
︱田︱田田| ╰……
╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬╬版 权 归 原 作 者
电子书欢迎您的来临 ☆
╰━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━门第━━╯
Philosophy of History
by Hegel
Table of Contents
Introduction
O The subject of this course of Lectures is the Philosophical History of the World。
SECTION ONE: Original History
§ 1 They simply transferred what was passing in the world around them; to the realm of
representative intellect。
§ 2 The influences that have formed the writer are identical with those which have moulded the
events that constitute the matter of his story。
§ 3 What the historian puts into the mouths of orators is an uncorrupted transcript of their
intellectual and moral habitudes。
§ 4 Among the ancients; these annalists were necessarily great captains and statesmen。
SECTION TWO: Reflective History
§ 5 Reflective history"s mode of representation is not really confined by the limits of the time to
which it relates。
___1 Universal History
§ 6 It is the aim of Universal History to gain a view of the entire history of a people or a country。
§ 7 History must foreshorten its pictures by abstractions。
___2 Pragmatical History
§ 8 Pragmatical History takes the occurrence out of the category of the Past and makes it
virtually Present。
___3 Critical History
§ 9 In Critical History; it is not history itself that is presented; but a History of History。
§ 10 Critical History adopts an abstract position; yet forms a transition to the Philosophical
History。
SECTION THREE: Philosophic History
§ 11 Philosophy of History means nothing but the thoughtful consideration of it。
§ 12 Reason is the Sovereign of the World; history therefore; presents us with a rational process。
§ 13 The World of intelligence and conscious volition is not abandoned to chance; but must show
itself in the light of the self…cognisant Idea。
§ 14 Two points of view that concern the generally diffused conviction that Reason rules in the
world。
I: Reason Governs World
§ 15 Anaxagoras was the first to enunciate the doctrine that Reason governs the world。
§ 16 That Nature is unchangeably subordinate to universal laws; appears nowise strange to us。
§ 17 Religious holds that the world is not abandoned to chance; but that a Providence controls it。
II The Essential Destiny of Reason
§ 18 The question; what is the ultimate design of the World?
§ 19 Spirit is our substantial object。 Our task does not require us to contemplate Nature as a
Rational System in itself。
§ 20 The three parts of the Destiny of Reason。
___(1) The Abstract Characteristics of the Nature of Spirit
§ 21 As the essence of Matter is Gravity; so; on the other hand; the essence of Spirit is Freedom。
§ 22 Eastern nations knew that one is free; the Greeks and Romans that some are free; whilst we
know that all men are free。
§ 23 The final cause of the World; we allege to be Spirit"s consciousness of its own freedom。
___(2) The Means Spirit Uses to Realise Its Idea
§ 24 The first glance at History convinces us that the actions of men proceed from their needs;
their passions; their characters and talents。
§ 25 Aims; principles; &c。; have a place in our thoughts; but not yet in the sphere of reality。
§ 26 Nothing great in the World has been acplished without passion。
§ 27 A State is powerful; when the private interest of its citizens is one with the mon interest。
§ 28 The universal Idea exists as the substantial totality of things; and as the abstract essence of
free volition。
§ 29 The passions of men are gratified and build up the edifice of human society; for Right and
Order。
§ 30 The agent"s aims are limited but the agents themselves are intelligent thinking beings。
§ 31 History has to do with those momentous collisions between existing; acknowledged duties;
laws; and rights。
§ 32 The particular aims of great historical men involve those large issues which are the will of the
World…Spirit。。
§ 33 Such individuals had no consciousness of the Idea they were unfolding; but were practical;
political men。
§ 34 They are great men; because they acplished the needs of the age。
§ 35 A World…historical individual is devoted to the One Aim。
§ 36 It is not the Idea that is exposed to danger。 It remains in the background; untouched and
uninjured。 This may be called the cunning of reason。
§ 37 When speaking of the realisation of great ideals by individuals; the subjective element in
them has an infinite right to be consulted。。
§ 38 We must not fall into the Litany of Lamentations; that the good and pious often fare ill in the
world。
§ 39 The means which the World…Spirit uses for realising its Idea involves the activity of personal
existences in whom Reason is present; but still obscure and unknown to them。
___(3) The Embodiment Spirit Assumes — the State
§ 40 What is the material in which the Ideal of Reason is wrought out? … Personality itself … human
desires … Subjectivity generally。
§ 41 The Idea is the inner spring of action; the State is the actually; existing; realised moral life。
§ 42 The first error is that man is free by nature; but that in society; he must limit this natural
freedom。
§ 43 Freedom does not exist as original and natural — it must be first sought out and won。
§ 44 The patriarchal condition is one of transition; its unity not
小说推荐
- 西方哲学史
- 作者[英]罗素译者:何兆武、李约瑟汉译世界学术名著丛书西方哲学史上卷〔英〕罗素著 1汉译世界学术名著丛书西方哲学史及其与从古代到现代的政治、社会情况的联系上 卷〔英〕罗素 著何兆武 李约瑟 译商 务 印 书 馆196年。北京 2BertrandRuselAHISTORYOFWESTERNPHILOS
- 最新章:第238章
- 哲学史讲演录
- 汉译世界学术名著丛书《哲学史讲演录》第一卷作者[德]黑格尔译者:贺麟、王太庆 2目 次开讲辞…1…哲学史讲演录…5…导言…8…甲、哲学史的概念…1…5一 关于哲学史的普通观念…1…8二 关于哲学史的定义的解释…2…8三 哲学史的概念所产生的后果…3…7乙、哲学与其他知识部门的关系…5…9一 历史方面
- 最新章:第96章
- 历史哲学黑格尔
- 《历史哲学》第一部分 导读 世界历史是自由意识的进展(1《历史哲学》导读黑格尔是德国著名哲学家,德国古典唯心论哲学的最后一个主要代表。作为德国古典唯心论哲学的集大成者和完成者,黑格尔在批判地继承康德、费希特和谢林等人的哲学基础上,构建了近代西方哲学史上最庞大的客观唯心主义哲学体系。这个体系由逻辑学、
- 最新章:第17章
- q版历史 在爆笑中学习历史
- 《Q版历史》前言 尽管陈平很贪,但他的贪和现代意义的贪截然不同。首先,陈平大肆收受财物,是受当时汉政权管理方式的局限,所有的将领主要是靠自筹经费来养活部下,陈平受金,是作为部队活动的经费,为行军打仗提供经济来源,在当时封建私有制的条件下,陈平的个人财产和由他控制的活动经费是无法截然分开的。其次,刘邦
- 最新章:第57章
- 5702-文学史纲通俗和富有启发性的历史概括
- 目录第一部分古代史部分第一章书籍的制作:印刷机纸张羊皮纸纸莎草纸-石刻和砖刻-木浆纸第二章文学的起源:书面文学源于口头文学-诗歌和散文-罗塞塔石碑字母符号第三章神秘的东方文学:中国-日本—印度—阿拉伯-波斯第四章犹太文学:圣经-犹太法典第五章希腊的历史及其历史学家:希罗多德—修昔底德—色诺芬—波利比
- 最新章:文学史纲通俗和富有启发性的历史概括-第35章
- flipped(英文版)
- 手机访问 m╮欢迎光临︱田︱田田╬版 权 归 原 作 者【louise_1925】整理附】内容版权归作者所有 Page 1-Flippedby Wendelin Van Draanen Page 2-More praise for FLIPPED“We flipped over this fanta
- 最新章:第55章
- rekindled(英文版)
- ╮欢迎光临︱田︱田田╬版 权 归 原 作 者【功夫英雄qq】整理附】内容版权归作者所有!REKINDLED[065-066-4.9]By BARBARA DELINSKYSYNOPSIS:We are calling this two-book volume Rekindled because ea
- 最新章:第77章
- 简爱(英文版)
- 手机访问 m╮欢迎光临︱田︱田田╬版 权 归 原 作 者【yuzhiyuyi】整理附】内容版权归作者所有★The Bront SistersWorksWuthering HeightsAnneThe Tenant of Wildfell HallCharlotteShirleyJane EyreBi
- 最新章:第168章
- 世界文学评介丛书 给历史留下记忆-东方小说史话
- 写给青少年的话(代序 二十世纪只剩下最后这不多的几年,二十一世纪正在向我们走来 有中国特色的社会主义建设大业的重担,已历史地落在你们这些跨世纪的一代青年肩上。祖国的未来与命运将同你们相连,中华民族历史新的一页也将由你们用自己的劳动与智慧去谱写 历史和实践已无数次表明,像人类的一切进步、壮丽和伟大的创
- 最新章:东方小说史话-第24章