《主体的命运》第9章


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Thetitleofthedisertation“TheFateoftheSubject”
hastwomeanings:oneisthevolutionofFoucault‘aatiBtudetowardsubject;theotherishowasubjecturnsitselfinto“thesubjectofknowledge”
,“thesubjectofpower”
and“thesubjectofethics”
inFoucault‘sresearchfields。
ChapterOne“TheGreatThinkerofNewTimes”
,con-sidersthedevelopmentofFrenchPhilosophicalthought
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2主体的命运——福柯哲学思想研究
andanalysesthetheoreticaloriginsandevolutionofFoucault‘sthought。
ThePhilosophyofFoucaultisbornofthefusionandtransformationofGermanhumanism(NietBzscheandCanguilhem)
andFrenchscientism(BachelardandCanguilhem)。
CorespondingtothepostwarFrenchphiloso-phy,thephilosophyofFoucaulthasundergoneatransfor-mationfrom“subjectivephilosophy”
andfinalyto“thereBturnof‘subjective’philosophy”。
ChapterTwo“TheCritiqueofRationalistSubject”
out-linesFoucault‘sanalysesofmadnes’fateindiferentimesandpsychiatryinthendof18thcentury。
TheChapBteralsorep-resentsandgeneralizesthedisputebetwenFoucaulandderidaonthenatureofreason,madnesand“othernes”。
foucaultisn‘sanirationalist。
Chapterthre“TheCritiqueofAnthropologicalSubjec-tivism(Ⅰ)
:Man——TheProductofKnowledge“
,exBploresFoucault‘sarchaeologyofhumansciencesandtheoryofknowledge。
InFoucault‘sview,thehistoryofknowledgeiscomposedofdiscontinuedhistoricalperiodswhicharetheRenaisance,Clasiecal,Modernandcontemporarytimes。
Alintelectualactivitiesineachtimesaresubjectocertainepisteme。
ManhasnoplaceintheClasicalepisteme。Mandoesn‘texistuntiltheendofthe18thcentury。
Modernphiloslphycalsmaninquestioninanthropologicalformand
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PREFAC3E
thereforehascometoadeadend。
FoucaultregardstheunBquestionedaceptanceofmanastheineluctablefocusofphiBlosophyastheanthropologicalslep。
Hepointsouthatourawakeningfronitrequirestheuprotingofanthropologythroughthee-liminationofmanasarulingcategoryofphilosophicalthought。
Hesesthis“DeathofMan”
asbothiminentandpromising。
“TheDeathofMan”
isthenecesaryresultofthedevel-op-mentofFoucault‘stheoryofepisteme。
Foucault‘s“thedeathofman”
isequaltoNietzsche‘“theDeathofGod”。
SinceFoucaulthinksthatstructuralismandhumansciBencesarebasedontheContemporaryepisteme,heisn‘tastructuralist。
ChapterFour“TheCritiqueofAnthropologicalSuljecBtivism(Ⅱ)
:Man——TheProductofKnowledge—Power“
,expoloresFoucault‘sanalysesofpower。
Foucaulthinksmanisnotonlytheproductofknowledge,butalsotheprodBuctofpower。
DisciplinarypowerproducesthedocileindividBual。
Afteranalysisingsuchtwomainculturalpracticesas“prison”
and“sexuality”
,Foucaultcriticizesthesentialistviewofpowerandelaboratesthenon—esentialistviewofpwoer。
Foucaultcriticizes“therepresivehypothesis”
,juBridico—discursiverepresentationofpower,juridico—liberalviewofpowerandMarxistheoryofpower,becausetheyBcaryonthesentialistanalyses。
AcordingtoFoucault‘s
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4主体的命运——福柯哲学思想研究
analysesofpower,poweristhemultiplerelationshipsoforces。
Powerisexercisedratherthanposesed。
Powerisn‘the“privilege”
ofadominantclas。
Because“power”
ismultipleandubiquitous,thestrugleagainstitmustbelocalized。
Powerisn‘tmerelyrepresive,negative,butalsoproductive,positive。
Powerisinext?
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