锌笊街校と嗣侨绱嗣挥行省?br /> GRIGORY YAVLINSKY: The people don"t want to work。 The people have no incentives。 The economy inside which the people have no incentives have no future。 So you can do two things: Take a gun and put this gun to his head like it was at the Stalin"s time; or you have to give him incentives; because he wants to improve the life of his family; and he can"t。 格里格利?叶维林斯基(Grigory Yavlinsky):人们没有任何激励,不愿意工作。在一个经济体系中,如果人们得不到有效的激励,那么这个经济体系就是没有前途的,所以你们只能做两件事:要么拿起枪架在人们脑袋上逼他们劳动,就像斯大林时代那样,要么给他们激励,因为他们想提高其家庭的生活水平而又不能。 NARRATOR: Factory managers at Norilsk could see the economy was not working; because the workers were not working。 旁白:诺里尔斯克(Norilsk)的工厂管理人员们可以看到,经济没有在良好地运行着,因为工人们没有好好工作。 VALERY KOVALCHUK; Former Norilsk Factory Manager: You can"t work properly under socialism。 There is no incentive。 And sadly; that"s the only thing that gets us going。 People e to work and just go through the motions。 They doze off; read papers; do the crosswords。 The state goes on paying them; the state gets poorer; the people get corrupted; then bankruptcy。 And that"s what happened the collapse of a great empire。 前诺里尔斯克制造厂(Norilsk Factory)经理维拉里。科维尔什克(Valery Kovalchuk):在社会主义制度下, 人们无法正常工作,因为没有激励。而令人伤心的是,这是唯一可以让我们动起来的动力。人们上班只是做做样子混日子,他们上班时间打瞌睡,看报纸,猜字谜,而国家要继续照常支付他们薪水,国家越来越穷,人们越来越腐化,然后整个体系破产了,这就是我们所看到的——伟大帝国的坍塌。 Chapter 4: India’s Permit Raj '3:04' 第四章: 印度的许可统治 Onscreen title: New Delhi; India 字幕标题:印度,新德里 NARRATOR: Like the Soviet Union; India had used central planning to industrialize its peasant economy and conquer poverty。 Now India; like governmentdominated economies all over the world; was running into difficulty。 旁白:与苏联一样,印度也试图采用中央计划的方式来实现其农业经济的工业化进程,并希望消除贫困。而现在,像世界上其他政府主导经济一样,印度也陷入了困境。 YASHWANT SINHA; Indian Finance Minister: The government of India went into business in a big way; and they decided to control whatever was there in the private sector also as firmly and fiercely as they could。 印度财政部长YASHWANT SINHA:印度政府对经济的渗透程度很深,政府决定要尽可能严格和牢固地控制私人部门的一切事务。 NARRATOR: The British raj was gone。 Now people were subjected to the ";Permit Raj;"; because everything needed a government permit。 India became a byword for red tape and bureaucracy。 Businessmen found it almost impossible to get things done。 旁白:英国对印度的统治已经结束了,而印度人又遭受了“许可统治”,因为事无巨细,都必须要经过政府许可。印度成了官僚作风盛行的一个代名词,商人们发现要在印度开展业务几乎是不可能的。 NARAYANA MURTHY; Chairman; Infosys Technologies: It used to take us about 12 to 24 months and about 50 visits to Delhi to get a license to import a puter worth 1;500。 Infosys Technologies公司主席NARAYANA MURTHY:要进口一台价值1500美元的计算机,通常要花费我们12到24个月的时间及大约50人次到新德里去跑批文。 NARRATOR: Since it was impossible to work with the system; people learned to work around it。 旁白:由于无法改变这样的体制,人们开始学会各种各样的变通方法。 P。 CHIDAMBARAM; Indian Finance Minister; 19961998: Every license; every permit; was procured by corrupt means。 印度财政部长(19961998) P。 CHIDAMBARAM:每张执照,每个许可证都是通过腐败的行为获得的。 INTERVIEWER: A bribe? 记者:您是指贿赂? P。 CHIDAMBARAM: Well; ";bribe"; is the simpler word; I suppose。 P。 CHIDAMBARAM:哦,我想“贿赂”还只是较轻的字眼。 NARRATOR: Selfsufficiency was India"s ideal。 To protect its own manufacturing industry; India shut out foreign imports。 旁白:自给自足是印度的理想,为保护它自己的制造业,印度禁止从国外进口。 P。 CHIDAMBARAM: Because of this protected market; the Indian people were being given shoddy goods and services at very high prices。 Enterprise was stifled; and growth was crippled。 P。 CHIDAMBARAM:由于这样的保护性市场,印度人只能以高昂的价格获得低等的商品和服务,企业缺乏生机,经济增长陷入泥潭。 JAIRAM RAMESH; Indian Government Advisor; 19911998: The economic environment was simply not conducive to efficiency or profitability。 We were in a shortage economy。 My father waited 15 years to buy a car。 印度政府顾问(19911998)JAIRAM RAMESH:很明显,经济环境不利于提高效率和盈利,我们是一个短缺经济。我父亲买一辆汽车排队等了15年时间。 NARRATOR: Take India"s beloved Ambassador car。 It is made by Hindustan Motors; which started manufacturing in the same year as Japan"s Toyota。 Fifty years later; Toyota makes five million cars a year。 Hindustan sells 18;000 Ambassadors; and still to the same design。 旁白:以印度最受欢迎的“大使” (Ambassador)牌汽车为例,这款汽车是由印度汽车公司(Hindustan Motors)制造的,与日本的丰田(Toyota)同时期投入的生产,50年后,丰田(Toyota)公司年产汽车500万辆,而印度汽车公司(Hindustan Motors)的年销量只有18000辆,而且款式设计仍然与50年前一样。 MANMOHAN SINGH; Finance Minister; 19911996: If you have a controlled economy; cut off from the rest of the world by infinite protection; nobody has any incentive to; in a way。。。 nobody has any incentive to increase productivity; to bring new ideas。 财政部长(19911996) 买买汗。辛格(Manmohan Singh):在管制经济中,通过一系列无穷无尽的保护,把自己与外部世界隔绝开来,这样的环境下,没有人会有动力,某种程度上来说…没有人有任何的动力来提高生产率,提供新思路。 NARRATOR: Overprotected; overadministered; overplanned; the Permit Raj was quite literally a brake on the Indian economy。 旁白:过度保护,过度管制,过度计划,许可统治已经明显地成为了印度经济的一个障碍。 Chapter 5: Latin American Dependencia '2:03' 第五章: 拉丁美洲的依赖 Onscreen title: Latin America 字幕标题:拉丁美洲 NARRATOR: In Latin America; radically different leaders shared India"s suspicion of the world economy。 In the 1940s and "50s; it was Juan Peron and his wife; Evita。 In the 1960s; it was munist Cuba"s charismatic Fidel Castro。 And in the 1970s; it was Chile"s Marxist president Salvador Allende。 旁白:在拉丁美洲,一些根本不同的领导人也怀有印度?